Special section Industry 4.0: Challenges for the future in manufacturing

International audienceThe sensing enterprise is a digital business innovation concept making Cyber-Physical Systems, service-oriented architectures and advanced human-computer interactions converge, supporting a more agile, flexible, and proactive management of unexpected events in today’s global value networks. In essence, it concerns the adoption of future Internet technologies in virtual enterprises. Translating this concept to a general approach to smart systems (smart manufacturing, smart cities, smart logistics, etc.), requires new capabilities by next-generation information systems to perform sensing, modelling, and interpretation of “any” signal from the real world, thus providing the systems with higher flexibility and possibilities for reconfiguration (Panetto et al. 2016). Intuitively, a sensing system requires resources and machineries to be constantly monitored, configured, and easily controlled by human operators. All these functions, and much more indeed, are now implemented by the so-called (Industrial) Internet of Things or Cyber-Physical Systems. With the advent of the new cyber-physical system design paradigm, the number and diversity of systems that need to work together in the future enterprises have significantly increased (Weichhart et al. 2016). This trend highlights the need to shift from the classic central control of systems, towards systems interoperability as a capability to control, sense, and perceive distributed and heterogeneous systems and their environments, as well as to purposefully and socially act upon their perceptions. Such a shift could have important consequences on the future architecture design of the control of these systems. The emergence of cloud-based technologies will also have a significant impact on the design and implementation of cyber-physical systems; using such novel technologies, collaborative engineering practises will increase globally, thus enabling a new generation of small-scale industrial organizations to function in an information-centric manner and enabling industry 4.0 transformations (Cimini, et al, 2017). The potential of such technologies in fostering a leaner and more agile approach towards engineering is very high. Engineers and engineering organizations no longer have to be restricted to the availability of advanced processing capabilities, as they can adopt a ‘pay as you go’ approach, which will enable them to access and use software resources for engineering activities from any remote location in the world

Responsive Production in Manufacturing: A Modular Architecture

[EN] This paper proposes an architecture aiming at promoting the convergence of the physical and digital worlds, through CPS and IoT technologies, to accommodate more customized and higher quality products following Industry 4.0 concepts. The architecture combines concepts such as cyber-physical systems, decentralization, modularity and scalability aiming at responsive production. Combining these aspects with virtualization, contextualization, modeling and simulation capabilities it will enable self-adaptation, situational awareness and decentralized decision-making to answer dynamic market demands and support the design and reconfiguration of the manufacturing enterprise.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union H2020 project C2 NET (FoF-01-2014) nr 636909.Marques, M.; Agostinho, C.; Zacharewicz, G.; Poler, R.; Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2018). Responsive Production in Manufacturing: A Modular Architecture. 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Requirements for Collaborative Process Design

Effective and successful support of collaborative process design in a distributed environment is largely dependent on the mutual intelligibility of processes for the involved parties. This requires an ICT-supported modelling framework that captures information provided by stakeholders and presents it in an accurate way to the other involved parties. We introduce a novel, distributed approach for process modelling, which allows to build abstract models of processes, business rules and constraints. The focus of this approach lays on enabling the creation of simple descriptions of enterprise internal processes and supporting refinement when necessary. This paper presents the underlying novel modelling notation and a list of identified requirements and research questions for a framework that ensures intelligibility and allows to interconnect the individual models.

An e-learning approach to informed problem solving

When taking into account individualized learning processes not only content and interaction facilities need to be re-considered, but also the design of learning processes per se. Besides explicitness of learning objectives, interactive means of education need to enable intertwining content and communication elements as basic elements of active learning in a flexible way while preserving a certain structure of the learning process. Intelligibility Catchers are a theoretically grounded framework to enable such individualized processes. It allows learners and teachers agreeing and determining a desired learning outcome in written form. This type of e-learning contract enables students to individually explore content and participate in social interactions, while being guided by a transparent learning process structure. The developed implementation empowers learners in terms of creative problem-solving capabilities, and requires adaptation of classroom situations. The framework and its supporting semantic e-learning environment not only enables diverse learning and problem solving processes, but also supports the collaborative construction of e-learning contracts

Flexible and responsive cross-organisational interoperability

Effective and successful support of collaborative process design in a distributed environment is largely dependent on the mutual intelligibility of processes for the involved parties. This requires an ICT supported modelling framework that captures information provided by stakeholders and presents it in an accurate way to the other involved parties. We introduce a novel, distributed approach for process modelling, which allows to build abstract models of processes, business rules and constraints. The focus of this approach lays on enabling the creation of simple descriptions of enterprise internal processes and supporting refinement when necessary. This paper presents the underlying novel modelling notation and a list of identified requirements and research questions for a framework that ensures intelligibility and allows to interconnect the individual models

The digital Dalton Plan: Progressive education as integral part of web-based learning environments

e-Learning systems increasingly support learning management and self-organized learning processes. Since the latter have been studied in the field of progressive education extensively, it is worthwhile to consider them for developing digital learning environments to support self-regulated learning processes. In this paper we aim at transforming one of the most prominent and sustainable approaches to self-organized learning, the “Dalton Plan” as proposed by Helen Parkhurst. Its assignment structure supports learners when managing their learning tasks, thus triggering self-organized acquisition of knowledge, and its feedback graphs enable transparent learning processes. Since e-learning environments have become common use, rather than creating another system, we propose a modular approach that can be used for extending existing e-learning environments. In order to design a respective component, we interviewed experts in self-organized e-learning. Their input facilitated integrating the Dalton Plan with existing features of e-learning environments. After representing each interview in concept maps, we were able to aggregate them for deriving e-learning requirements conform to the Dalton Plan instruments. In the course of implementing them, particular attention had to be paid to the asynchrony of interaction during runtime. Java Server Faces technology enable the Dalton Plan component to be migrated into existing web 2.0 e-learning platforms. The result was evaluated based on the acquired concept maps, as they also captured the transformation process of the Dalton Plan to e-learning features. The findings encourage embodying further progressive education approaches in this way, since the structured (concept) mapping of the Dalton Plan to e-learning features turned out to be accurate. The experts were able to recognize the potential of the approach both in terms of structuring the knowledge acquisition process, and in terms of developing progressive learning support features

Flexible and Responsive Cross-Organisational Interoperability

Inter-organisational cooperation holds a huge potential for exploiting opportunities of dynamical, globalised markets - especially for SMEs. Furthermore, today's ICT potentially allows for quick exchange of information and for coordinating activities. However, state of the art software architectures and technologies also hamper cross-organisational interoperability. A technologically determined need for extremely detailed modelling of business processes is a significant obstacle for establishing coordinated processes, a pre-requirement for scheduling and control in organisational networks. An approach that achieves the exploitation of technological potentials for efficient and effective crossorganisational processes without hampering flexibility is still to be developed. It requires both, a simpler modelling and with it an easier adaptability of ICT on the one hand and a better integration of human factors on the other hand. This paper reflects on existing ICT technologies for cooperation, collaboration and coordination and identifies gaps and further research opportunities